There are 20 multiple choice questions on this exam (2 points each), four short answer and one essay question on the last page (35 points).  Please check to make sure you have all 6 pages and remember to put you full name on the top of the first page and the scantron sheet. 
 

Answers to multiple choice 
Yellow exam
1 d
2 c
3 e
4 a
5 e
6 d
7 d
8 d
9 b
10 c
11 b
12 d
13 a
14 d
15 c
16 d
17 b
18 d
19 d
20 a

White exam
1 b
2 c
3 b
4 c
5 a
6 d
7 c
8 d
9 d
10 c
11 e
12 a
13 d
14 b
15 d
16 d
17 a
18 e
19 d
20 d
 

 Draw and label a larval and adult Urochordata that has the MANX gene (8 point).

Larval stage
(Make sure to label internal and external structures)

urochordates with the manx gene have a tail and form a normal looking adult tunicate
 diagram should have looked like an amphibian tadpole with the following structures
post anal tail
notochord
neural tube
pharynx
eye spot
 

Adult stage
(Make sure to label internal and external structures)
Diagram should have been of a normal looking sea squirt with the following structures labeled
pharynx
pharyngeal gill slits
renal sac
heart
oral siphon
atrial siphon
tunic

List the appropriate respiratory and feeding structures for each animal (6 points)
 

	respiratory	feeding
Asteroidea	papula covered with cilia inside and outside	cardiac stomach that is everted and secretions of digestive enzymes from pyloric caecum
Adult Urochordata	pharynx with gill slits cover in cilia	trap food with mucous on pharynx and pass it to mouth and endostyle
Merostomata	book gills on abdomen	gnathobases at the base of each walking appendage

 Label the diagram (6 points)

1. spine

2.pedicellaria

3. ossicle

4. ampula of wvs

5.pedicellaria

6. tube foot
 

a. What does the phylogenetic relationship suggest about arthropods?
Diagram suggests that there is not such thing as an arthropod but instead four separate phylum originating off of the annelids

b. Why might this relationship be incorrect?
May be incorrect to assume no arthropods because there are a number of characteristics that all of the subphylum (now phylum in the diagram) share: examples would include exoskeleton, ecdysis, segmented appendages etc.

c. What two animals suggest that this relationship is incorrect and why?
Any specialized arthropod suggests that the above relationship is a misinterpretation of extremely specialized organisms.  Examples would include barnacles, rhizocephalans, terrestrial land crabs or pycnogonids.  All of these animals show that the arthropods have become extremely specialized and that the very diverse characteristics observed today in these specialized animals may not be appropriate for classification purposes.  

 In the space provided (no credit for information outside of the box), describe how echinoderms function (35 points). 

I graded this essay based on the outline that I presented in lecture.  A complete answer had the following parts:

1. What is an echinoderm?
Types of animals
Characteristics of phylum
Phylogeny
Basic structures

2. What is so different about these animals in general
 Types of structures or functions found only in echinoderms
  Endoskeleton and components
  Coeloms 
  Evolution of symmetry
 

3. Major functions of echinoderms 

a. Body wall
what is found here and what does it do
 example of a unique body wall functions 
  pedicellaria 
  catch mechanism-liquidification

b. Coeloms
types of coeloms
how they are related
importance to normal function
example = wvs
 structures involved
basic functions

c. Feeding
Variations between the three classes
 Structures and functions
   Cardiac stomach
   Lantern of Aristotle
   Modifications of digestive tract in sea cucumbers
d. Respiration
Variations between the three classes
Structures and functions
 Modifications of digestive tract for respiration of sea cucumbers
 Papulae